#6649. Quantifiability of inherent cell-to-cell variations of commercial lithium-ion batteries

December 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Automotive Engineering;
Electrical and Electronic Engineering;
Energy Engineering and Power Technology;
Transportation;
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Abstract:
Parameter variations of lithium-ion batteries are an important concern because they can reduce the performance of a battery pack. To quantify inherent variations due to production tolerances, battery parameters of a batch of individual cells are experimentally determined and the latest studies show capacity variations of 0.2 %–0.3 % and impedance variations of 0.7 %–3.8 %. Motivated by the question of why impedance variation is consistently reported to be higher than the variation of other parameters, we show that measuring inherent parameter variations caused by production tolerances is superimposed by effects of an imperfect measurement setup. By breaking down external influence factors on own experimental results of a batch of 600 commercial lithium-ion cells as well as a previously published data set, we found that in fact parameter variations are substantially biased by temporal and spatial temperature inhomogeneities during the experiments.
Keywords:
Capacity; Cell-to-cell variations; Charge transfer resistance; Correlation analysis; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Lithium-ion batteries

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