#11414. Head protection in electric micromobility: A critical review, recommendations, and future trends

August 2026publication date
Proposal available till 01-06-2025
4 total number of authors per manuscript0 $

The title of the journal is available only for the authors who have already paid for
Journal’s subject area:
Human Factors and Ergonomics;
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health;
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality;
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Abstract:
Traffic jams are a burden in urban areas, being time-consuming and contributing to stressful driving and CO2 emissions. To implement the United Nations’ 2030 agenda for sustainable development, governmental strategies aim to accelerate the shift to sustainable and smart mobility. Consequently, e-micromobility (EMM) appeared as a practical solution for short-distance commuters, and it is growing at upsetting rates thanks to the introduction of sharing services. Focusing on standing e-scooters, head injuries are becoming one of the most common as shown by research conducted in different urban emergency departments, alongside bone fractures, skin abrasions, and lacerations. In this work, a comprehensive review is carried out focusing on head protection for EMM, mostly for e-scooters, and the respective target markets, safety measures, and existing regulations. In the end, a critical assessment is given with recommendations for legislators and future research. Users are mostly males from 18 to 40 years old, upper-to-middle income, with elevated levels of educational attainment. Their motivation to use e-scooters is mainly to replace short walking trips. This is evident considering how some countries are struggling with vehicle categories and regulations for helmet use and testing. Mitigation measures have been implemented by the EMM sharing companies to improve the safety of its users by checking if they wear helmets and by offering vehicle-integrated solutions.
Keywords:
E-scooter; Electric mobility; Head injury; Head protection; Road safety; Sharing service

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