#3961. A developmental study of expressing simultaneous events in film-based narratives

September 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Language and Linguistics;
Linguistics and Language;
Education;
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Abstract:
This research examines the expression of simultaneity in the film-based oral narratives of 100 English monolinguals in the following three age groups: preschoolers (4–6 years), school-aged children (7–10 years), and adults (19–48 years). Participants told a story of what happened in the film, in an off-line task, to an interviewer who had not seen the film. Focus was on quantitative and qualitative aspects of simultaneity, from the perspective of forms and functions. Preschool children expressed local simultaneity between situations in adjacent clauses, more frequently between unbounded situations that are implicitly simultaneous. Besides, they tended to express more simultaneity in scenes that were perceived in a single screen shot. Language forms to express simultaneity showed a long developmental route – through verb semantic and tense-aspect alternations as the widest, basic usage to specific lexical forms like conjunctions (e.g. while), adverbs (e.g. meanwhile), and more sophisticated syntactic configurations.
Keywords:
development; narrative; simultaneity; temporal relations; tense-aspect

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