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#3236. Exemplar-based judgment or direct recall: On a problematic procedure for estimating parameters in exemplar models of quantitative judgment

September 2026	publication date
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4 total number of authors per manuscript	0 $

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Journal’s subject area:

Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous); Developmental and Educational Psychology; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology;

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Abstract:
Exemplar models are often used in research on multiple-cue judgments to describe the underlying process of participants’ responses. The present research states that there are two possible outcomes when participants judge one of the already learned exemplars in some later block of the experiment. The scholars argue that psychologically, the judgments of participants in a multiple-cue judgment experiment are a mixture of these two qualitatively distinct cognitive processes: judgment and recall. However, the cognitive modeling procedure usually applied does not make any distinction between these processes and the data generated by them. We present results of a simulation as well as the reanalysis of five experimental data sets showing that the current combination of experimental design and modeling procedure can bias parameter estimates, impair their validity, and negatively affect the fit and predictive performance of the model.
Keywords:
Exemplar model; Judgment; Recall

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