#12240. Are Cheaters Common or Creative?: Person-Situation Interactions of Resistance in Learning Contexts

August 2026publication date
Proposal available till 04-06-2025
4 total number of authors per manuscript0 $

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Journal’s subject area:
Philosophy;
Sociology and Political Science;
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous);
Education;
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Abstract:
Students display resistance in the classroom in numerous ways, often in the form of academic misconduct. Some argue that resistance can reflect cleverness and creativity, rather than apathy. This investigation aimed to develop a psychometric tool to examine classroom resistance as well as identify its individual and situational determinants. Data on resistance behaviors in educational contexts, creativity, personality, and deception were collected. The participants indicated their frequency of resistance across two time periods: kindergarten through middle school, and high school through college. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses identified a robust three-factor structure for the Classroom Resistance Scale, comprising Test-Oriented Cheating, Blatant Academic Dishonesty, and Unethical Shortcuts. The person-situation analysis indicated that students who engaged in resistance shared some consistent characteristics: they were more likely to be closed to new experiences, unimaginative, more extraverted, and highly influenced by their peers. Moreover, the frequency of classroom resistance increased in higher grades as compared to lower ones. Implications of spillover effects of academic dishonesty into the workplace are also discussed.
Keywords:
Academic dishonesty; Cheating; Creativity; Deception; Person-situation; Resistance

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