#9692. How Microaggressions Reinforce and Perpetuate Systemic Racism in the United States

August 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Psychology (all);
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Abstract:
The consequences of racial microaggressions are most often discussed at an interpersonal level. In this article, we contend that microaggressions play an important role in maintaining systems of racial oppression beyond the interpersonal context. Specifically, we illustrate how microaggressions establish White superiority in the United States by othering people of color (e.g., treating people of color as if they are not true citizens) and communicating that they are inferior (e.g., environmental exclusions and attacks, treating people of color as second-class citizens). We also present evidence that microaggressions play a role in protecting and reinforcing systemic racism.
Keywords:
microaggressions; racism; structural inequality; systemic racism

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