#9664. In field settings group members (often) show effort gains instead of social loafing

September 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Social Psychology;
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Abstract:
Although group work has the potential to both reduce and increase the effort expenditure of its members, effort losses (i.e., reduced effort in group- versus individual work) have long been perceived as (nearly) inevitable in Social Psychology. This notion was elicited, accompanied, and bolstered by (i) pessimistic theorising on group productivity, and (ii) the primary use of laboratory experiments to study effort expenditure in groups. In this contribution, we adopt a more optimistic theoretical perspective. We review a series of consecutive field and vignette studies showing that individuals often work harder in groups than alone (i.e., effort gains in groups).
Keywords:
effort gains; effort losses; Group work; motivation; teamwork

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