#7555. Chemical engines: driving systems away from equilibrium through catalyst reaction cycles

October 2026publication date
Proposal available till 20-05-2025
4 total number of authors per manuscript0 $

The title of the journal is available only for the authors who have already paid for
Journal’s subject area:
Condensed Matter Physics;
Electrical and Electronic Engineering;
Biomedical Engineering;
Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics;
Materials Science (all);
Bioengineering;
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Abstract:
Biological systems exhibit a range of complex functions at the micro- and nanoscales under non-equilibrium conditions (for example, transportation and motility, temporal control, information processing and so on). Chemists also employ out-of-equilibrium systems, for example in kinetic selection during catalysis, self-replication, dissipative self-assembly and synthetic molecular machinery, and in the form of chemical oscillators. Key to non-equilibrium behaviour are the mechanisms through which systems are able to extract energy from the chemical reactants (‘fuel’) that drive such processes. In this Perspective we relate different examples of such powering mechanisms using a common conceptual framework.
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