#6475. Mass spectrometric sampling of flames: how ionic equilibria in flames produce sampling falsifications and “fake” ions, but provide kinetic and thermodynamic data on the reaction occurring

October 2026publication date
Proposal available till 25-05-2025
4 total number of authors per manuscript0 $

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Journal’s subject area:
Chemical Engineering (all);
Energy Engineering and Power Technology;
Fuel Technology;
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Abstract:
Continuously sampling a flame, burning at 1 atm., for mass spectrometry at ? 10–8 atm. seriously disturbs the flame. Not only are a flames temperature and velocity altered, often the composition of a sample is falsified. Thus, “fake” ions appear, even when sampling as quickly as possible, i.e. supersonically, to quench chemical reactions. However, studying these spurious ions is fruitful. They arise, because a sample is unavoidably cooled; the drop in temperature causes a rapid chemical equilibrium to shift position and change the samples composition. That ions react faster than neutrals (to perturb a sample) magnifies the problem for ions. When continuously sampling a flame, burning at 1 atm., through an inlet at the tip of a hollow, metallic nozzle, cooling can occur in three ways during the formation of a beam for mass spectrometry. Firstly, before a sample passes through the inlet hole to enter the supersonic expansion into the first vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer, it loses heat to the cooler, sampling nozzle, usually conical in shape.
Keywords:
Electric fields in flames; Flame Sampling; Free electrons in flames; Ions in flames; Mass spectrometry; Negative ions in flames; Positive ions; Sampling nozzles

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