#4498. Insufficient Effort Responding as a Potential Confound between Survey Measures and Objective Tests

August 2026publication date
Proposal available till 16-05-2025
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Journal’s subject area:
Business, Management and Accounting (all);
Psychology (all);
Business and International Management;
Applied Psychology;
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More details about the manuscript: Science Citation Index Expanded or/and Social Sciences Citation Index
Abstract:
Following research that demonstrates insufficient effort responding (IER) may confound survey measures and inflate observed correlations, a question emerges as to whether and when IER can act as a confound between objective tests and surveys. Using data (N = 243) originally designed to examine training and transfer, study 1 demonstrates that (a) IER is negatively related to performance on tests, and (b) IER’s influence on surveys depends on the sample means of these measures. As a result, IER could inflate a test’s association with other tests and surveys. Study 2 investigates the impact of two parameters—within-person consistency of IER and percentage of IER cases in the sample—by randomly replacing bootstrapped attentive responses. When predicting the confounding effects of IER, within-person consistency has positive linear and quadratic effects, percentage of IER cases has a positive linear effect, and consistency and percentage have a positive interactive effect.
Keywords:
Careless responding; Insufficient effort responding; Measurement; Random responding; Response effort

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