#3706. Questioning in TOEFL iBT speaking test: a case of washback and construct underrepresentation

October 2026publication date
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Language and Linguistics;
Linguistics and Language;
Social Sciences (miscellaneous);
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Abstract:
Admission in English-medium universities or institutions of higher education depends on the results obtained by candidates in large-scale proficiency tests including Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The structure and administration procedure of the Internet Test speaking test leaves no room for carrying out reciprocal interactions and, consequently, examining applicants’ questioning ability. This study highlights the significance of non-native students’ skills to ask oral English questions in academic contexts as experienced by non-native graduates from English-medium universities. The results indicated that the participants generally assumed questioning as indispensable in academic interactions. The study further discusses the implications of the findings for the test construct representation and preparation courses.
Keywords:
Uunderrepresentation; Higher education; Preparation courses; Washback

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