#3222. Correction to: Acquisition of landmark, route, and survey knowledge in a wayfnding task: in stages or in parallel? (Psychological Research, (20XX), 85, 5, (2098-2106), 10.1007/s00426-020-01384-3)

July 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous);
Developmental and Educational Psychology;
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology;
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Abstract:
The present research designed to overcome the ceiling effect by increasing the complexity of the wayfinding task. 60 young participants were aksed find their way through an urban environment rendered in virtual reality, and assessed their landmark, route, and survey knowledge after each of ten trials. All three types of knowledge gradually increased from the first to the last trial. Correlations between the three types of knowledge increased from trial to trial. This outcome disagrees profoundly with the stage concept, but is compatible with the parallel concept. Specifically, it is in accordance with the view that landmark, route, and survey knowledge are acquired by multiple overlapping and interacting processes: those processes may start out more or less independently in the first trial but, due to common constraints or synergies, may gradually increase their cooperation during subsequent trials.
Keywords:
ceiling effect; wayfinding task; virtual reality

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