#12152. When Does the Crime-Terror Nexus Fail to Materialize? Drug Trafficking, Militants, and the State in Russia

July 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Political Science and International Relations;
Sociology and Political Science;
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Abstract:
What are the conditions that obstruct the formation of a crime-terror nexus? The article considers Russias North Caucasus where no durable crime-terror nexus materialized despite the presence of conditions conducive to the emergence of linkages between criminals and militants. We demonstrate how the sheer diversity and fluidity of violent actors, with some deeply immersed in the political, economic, and security institutions of the Russian state, fragmented the elements of a crime-terror nexus to such a degree that collaboration among them proved too difficult and costly. Our study illuminates the various actors within a purported nexus, demonstrating how cooperation between them may not be forthcoming. It demonstrates how a multiplicity of the centers and agents of state power, both formal and informal, is intimately interwoven into the fragmented security landscape. The diversity of the so-called terrorist and militant groups that are competing for power and resources call for rethinking of what we call a terrorist group and the data that we use to study terrorist violence.
Keywords:
crime-terror nexus; North Caucasus; organized crime; Russia; terrorism

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