#12077. The Sociology of Diplomats and Foreign Policy Sector: The Role of Cliques on the Policy-Making Process

August 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Sociology and Political Science;
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Abstract:
This paper studies the sociology of elites and the role of cliques on the foreign policy-making process. It identifies elite sociology as the independent variable triggering a policy-making process in line with organisational process or governmental politic approaches. The role of cliqueism weakened along with the incremental circulation of elites in the post-1980s and particularly in the post-20XX period as the elite structure in the Turkish Ministry for Foreign Affairs became even more heterogeneous, foreign policy-making process moved towards governmental politics, which allowed taking into account diverse schools of thought. Nevertheless, newly emerging programmatic elites employed deliberate efforts for elite circulation by altering the dominant career path and relying on political appointments. The resulting outcome was the emergence of a new clique of ruling elites subordinate to political elites which led to the politicisation of the foreign policy decision-making process.
Keywords:
diplomacy; elite circulation; foreign policy; governmental politics; organisational process; sociology of elites; Turkey

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