#11963. Ethnoracial Diversity and Segregation in U.S. Rural School Districts*

November 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Sociology and Political Science;
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Abstract:
The ethnoracial diversification of rural areas is gaining more attention in scholarly and policy circles, but its impact on rural school districts is often overlooked. We use federal data sources to explore the magnitude and structure of rural ethnoracial diversity and to analyze variation in how rural school district demographics have changed nationally from 20XX to 20XX. Our findings illustrate that rising Hispanic enrollment is a central element of changing rural public school student demographics nationwide. Since 20XX, rural school districts have become more ethnoracially diverse, and rural students of most ethnicities/races have become less ethnoracially isolated. However, despite demographic changes resulting in more diversified district enrollments overall, segregation within rural districts persists. Furthermore, White enrollment in rural district types with the fewest White students declined twice as much as in the rural district types with the highest share of White students. Together, these patterns suggest how school segregation and opportunity hoarding can persist despite growth in districts’ ethnoracial diversity.
Keywords:
Diversification; rural; ethnoracial diversity; Whites; enrollment; schools

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