#11942. Labour migration and increasing inequality in Norway

July 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Sociology and Political Science;
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Abstract:
This paper explores the contested relationship between migration and income inequality, using labour migration. In particular, many rural regions, previously unfamiliar with immigration, have experienced a large influx of labour migrants. In the same period, income inequality has increased. This paper uses register data on the municipality level from 20XX–20XX to discuss (a) the direction of the relationship between labour migration and income inequality; (b) the degree to which labour migration affects inequality (in general and within the native population) compared to other immigrant groups; and (c) whether the effects are different in rural and urban municipalities. Findings show that labour migration from the ‘new’ European Union countries is followed by higher income inequality. No support is found for the reversed causal relationship that increasing inequality causes higher numbers of labour migrants. However, as opposed to refugees, labour migration also affects income inequality within the native population, but this effect is only significant in rural areas.
Keywords:
EU enlargement; immigration; Income inequality; labour migration; rural; urban

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