#11919. Symbolic Representation, Cooperation, and Undocumented Immigrants: The Role of Representation in Improving Assessments of Cooperative Behaviors in Education

July 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Sociology and Political Science;
Public Administration;
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Abstract:
This article explores how symbolic representation can increase behaviors associated with cooperation among immigrants in an educational setting. It posits that, due to a lack of trust and efficacy in public institutions, undocumented immigrants are less likely to engage in activities that are conducive to cooperation and compliance. In settings where immigrant interests are represented, even passively, immigrants are more likely to engage in cooperative behaviors. Using data from school districts, the analysis finds some support that passive representation can enhance symbolic representation among this population. It finds that assessments of immigrants’ cooperative behaviors are likely to decrease as the size of the undocumented student population increases. However, this is only the case in schools with low levels of representation. This supports the expectation that symbolic representation can enhance assessments of cooperative behaviors among undocumented immigrants.
Keywords:
cooperation; coproduction; education; immigration; representative bureaucracy; symbolic representation; undocumented students

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