#11628. Is Special Education Improving? Case Evidence From New York City

August 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Law;
Health (social science);
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Abstract:
In this study, we assess changes in the education of students with disabilities (SWDs) in the nation’s school districts, over the decade 20XX–20XX. Specifically, we examine progress toward the twin legislative goals of both the federal Individuals with Disability Education Act (IDEA) and district goals of (a) including SWDs in general education settings and (b) improving their academic performance. We find that the inclusion of SWDs with their general education peers (GENs) has increased in elementary and middle schools, but decreased in high school. Furthermore, although more SWDs are completing high school, their graduation rate remains considerably below that of GENs (50% vs. 80%). In assessing these patterns, we provide empirical evidence of the changing context of education before, during, and after policy changes that affected special education.
Keywords:
policy; school reform/restructuring

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