#10754. English Learner Labeling: How English Learner Classification in Kindergarten Shapes Teacher Perceptions of Student Skills and the Moderating Role of Bilingual Instructional Settings

October 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Education;
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Abstract:
Prior research has shown that English learner (EL) classification is consequential for students; however, less is known about how EL classification affects student outcomes. In this study, we examine one hypothesized mechanism: teacher perceptions. We use coarsened exact matching to estimate the effect of kindergarten EL status on teachers’ perceptions of students’ academic skills. We further explore whether that impact is moderated by instructional setting (bilingual vs. English immersion).
Keywords:
educational inequality; English language learners; labeling; matching; teacher perceptions

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