#7231. Volatile organic compound and particulate matter emissions from an ultrasonic essential oil diffuser

August 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health;
Building and Construction;
Environmental Engineering;
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Abstract:
Ultrasonic essential oil diffusers are a popular type of indoor scenting source. We performed a chamber study in which we measured the emissions from diffusers used with lemon, lavender, eucalyptus, and grapeseed oils. Each oil had a unique particulate matter (PM) emission profile in terms of size, number density, and rate. A fivefold increase in PM1 emission was measured when the diffusers with eucalyptus oil was filled with tap water as opposed to deionized water. Modeling suggests that reasonable use cases of diffusers can contribute substantially to primary and secondary PM in indoor environments, but this potential varies depending on the oil and water types used.
Keywords:
humidifier emissions; indoor source; PM2.5; primary emissions; scenting source; VOC

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