#6841. Advanced nitrogen elimination from domestic sewage through two stage partial nitrification and denitrification (PND) coupled with simultaneous anaerobic ammonia oxidation and denitrification (SAD)

December 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment;
Bioengineering;
Environmental Engineering;
Waste Management and Disposal;
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Abstract:
The start-up, efficient, and secure operation of Anammox treating low ammonia sewage, is an important research focus. In this study, a partial nitrification–denitrification coupled with simultaneous Anammox and denitrification (PND-SAD) process was achieved in sequencing batch reactor/up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (SBR-UASB). The key measures to maintain high efficiency PND were: (i) controlling dissolved oxygen in the SBR below 0.5 mg/L, which is not only conducive to PN, but also promotes the contribution of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification to nitrogen removal; (ii) monitoring the nitrate (NO3–-N) of SBR effluent and discharging sludge to wash out nitrate oxidation bacteria when the NO3–-N exceeds 1.0 mg/L. The nitrite accumulation rate reached 97.6%. SBR effluent and domestic sewage entered the UASB. Although Candidatus Brocadia only accounted for 0.8%, its contribution to nitrogen removal reached 76.8%. In PND-SAD system, the aerobic HRT was only 3.8 h, nitrogen removal efficiency up to 97.3%.
Keywords:
Anammox; Deep denitrification; Domestic sewage; Partial nitrification–denitrification (PND)

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