#11601. Medicinal Marijuana, Inc.: A Critique on the Market-led Legalization of Cannabis and the Criminalization of Rural Livelihoods in Colombia

August 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Law;
Sociology and Political Science;
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Abstract:
In Colombia, Law 1787 of 20XX legalized marijuana for medicinal and scientific purposes. The law promotes social inclusion in two ways: (1) establishing mechanisms to incentivize rural marijuana production; and (2) protecting and strengthening small producers in the context of governmental efforts to voluntarily substitute illicit crops. What has happened, however, is that instead of the proposed “inclusion,” the legalization of marijuana has benefited the corporate sector almost exclusively. Employing a southern criminological approach, we first analyze the punitive rationale in the so-called “War on Drugs” and the shift to a purportedly more benign pro-poor and pro-health legalization discourse. From here, we critique the legal architecture to regulate the production of marijuana. In so doing, we illustrate how uneven power relations and governmental capitalist favoritism have been utilized by corporate ventures located in the political and economic bureaucratic heart of Colombia, reproducing the historical marginalization of impoverished mestizo campesinos (peasant farmers), whose livelihoods have been dependent on illicit crops.
Keywords:
Legalized marijuana; illicit crops; medicinal purposes; War on Drugs; production of marijuana

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