#3998. Linguistic Synesthesia in Turkish: A Corpus-based Study of Crossmodal Directionality

September 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Linguistics and Language;
Communication;
Experimental and Cognitive Psychology;
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Abstract:
Linguistic synesthesia refers to crossmodal instances in which expressions in different sensory modalities are combined as in the case of sweet (taste) melody (hearing). Several studies across languages, cultures, domains and text types seem to support the hierarchy in linguistic synesthesia despite some crosslinguistic differences and varying explanations. To extend results to an underrepresented language and thus, to test the universality of the crossmodal hierarchy, 5,693 token cases of linguistic synesthesia in written and spoken language were investigated using a general-purpose, large corpus. Token, type, and hapax legomena frequencies showed that although three backward and thus, hierarchy-inconsistent transfers were more frequent than their hierarchy-consistent counterparts, forward transfers in the canonical direction were more frequent overall than the backward transfers. We conclude that linguistic synesthesia complies with the hierarchy as a descriptive generalization. Results are discussed in comparison to the crossmodal use of sensory words in other languages.
Keywords:
Linguistic synesthesia; hierarchy-consistent counterparts; language; sensory modalities

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