#3951. Cognate similarity and intervocalic /d/ production in Riverense Spanish

September 2026publication date
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Journal’s subject area:
Language and Linguistics;
Linguistics and Language;
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Abstract:
According to the usage-based model, items in memory are organized according to similarity, thus we anticipated that formally more similar cognates would show a stronger cognate effect. This variationist sociophonetic study investigates the relationship between cognate similarity and phonetic realization. We analyzed a corpus of sociolinguistic interviews of Spanish. Acoustic measurements were taken from approximately 60 tokens each from 40 different speakers. While there is an overall frequency effect whereby more frequent words exhibit less constriction of intervocalic /d/, as both frequency and cognate similarity increase, less constriction of intervocalic /d/ obtains. Therefore, frequent cognates in Portuguese that have very similar forms affect the production of intervocalic /d/ more so than other cognates. The data support the usage-based model in that similar cognates have more lexical connections and can therefore show greater influence on phonetic realization than can cognates that share less phonetic material.
Keywords:
bilingualism; Cognates; frequency effects; phonetics; Portuguese; Spanish; usage-based linguistics

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