#3213. An item response tree model with not-all-distinct end nodes for non-response modelling

September 2026publication date
Proposal available till 12-05-2025
4 total number of authors per manuscript0 $

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Journal’s subject area:
Statistics and Probability;
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous);
Psychology (all);
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Abstract:
The non-response model in Knott et al. (Statistician, 40, 217) can be represented as a tree model with one branch for response and non-response and another branch for correct and incorrect response. In questionnaires or educational tests, non-responses might come from different sources, such as test speededness, inability to answer, lack of motivation, and sensitive questions. The Laplace-approximated maximum likelihood estimation for the proposed model is suggested. The validation of the proposed estimation procedure and the advantage of the proposed model over traditional methods are demonstrated in simulations. The analysis shows that the proposed tree model has a better fit to PISA data than other existing models, providing a useful tool to distinguish the sources of non-responses.
Keywords:
item response theory tree model; Laplace-approximated maximum likelihood estimation; non-response

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